The art of Zellige is one of the most expressive forms of Moroccan architecture. It relies on simple raw materials and primitive tools. The creativity and skill of the traditional craftsman play a crucial role. Zellige is used in the architecture of palaces and historical landmarks.
The Traditional Craft of Zellige
Zellige is a traditional product. It combines modest raw materials with the expertise of Moroccan craftsmen. It involves dried clay squares, 10 x 10 cm in size. These squares are glazed, cut, and delicately carved by hand using a special iron hammer called “Al-Mnaqash.” The squares are then divided into small pieces called “Furmah.” These pieces are arranged according to traditional designs and rules of Islamic art.
These patterns are not mosaics but assembled Zellige pieces. They create stunning visual effects on walls, stairs, gates, pavements, and tiles of mosques, palaces, and luxurious residences. Despite revealing the secrets of its components, materials, and methods, imitation remains difficult. The carving techniques are unique and require special skills acquired through experience.
Unique Techniques and Materials
Zellige artisans use only traditional materials and tools. They need clay, sunlight, a wooden board, a special oven, mineral colors, special wooden hammers, and great skill. The craftsmanship involved in creating Zellige cannot be replicated by machines. The assembly of small Zellige pieces requires a refined sense of artistry.
Creating Zellige is a collaborative effort. Each artisan specializes in a different task, from preparing the raw material to carving, drawing lines, and assembling pieces. Observing these craftsmen in their workshops highlights the contrast between the precision of the finished artworks and the primitive nature of the tools used.
The Collaborative Effort of Zellige Artisans
This craft is traditionally passed down from father to son, from master to apprentice. Learning starts at a young age. Apprentices gradually progress from simpler tasks to more complex stages of production before becoming master craftsmen. Each master leads a team of skilled artisans, having experienced every stage of the craft themselves.
Passing Down the Zellige Tradition
Despite their limited formal education, these crafters are influential members of Moroccan society. Their lack of formal schooling has never hindered their contributions, even in political spheres.